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Saar status referendum, 1935
A referendum on territorial status was held in the Territory of the Saar Basin on 13 January 1935. Over 90% voters opted for reunification with Germany, with 9% voting for the status quo as a League of Nations mandate territory and less than 0.5% opting for unification with France.
==Background==
After the end of World War I, the Saar territory was separated from Germany and administered by the League of Nations. During this time, France was given control of the Saar's coal mines. After 15 years of League of Nations administration, a referendum was scheduled to take place in the territory.〔
Towards the end of 1934, the League of Nations Council determined that peacekeeping force would be necessary during the plebiscite period. The German and French governments agreed to allow an international force to enter the Saar, although Germany massed troops at the border. On 8 December 1934, the council unanimously approved a resolution calling for such a force. Britain (1500 troops), Italy (1300), Sweden (260) and the Netherlands (250) agreed to provide troops for the 3300-strong "International Force in the Saar".〔Norrie MacQueen (ed.), ''The United Nations, Peace Operations and the Cold War'', 2nd ed. (Routledge, 2011), doc. 1.〕〔Alfred F. Kugel, (Allied Plebiscite Activity in the Saar Territory, 1935 ) Military Postal History Society.〕 All expenses above and beyond those normally incurred for the same troops, were charged to the League fund set aside for the plebiscite.〔Mohammed Bedjaoui, ''The New World Order and the Security Council: Testing the Legality of Its Acts'' (Martinus Nijhoff, 1994), p. 240.〕 This may be "the first true example of an international peace observation force".〔Paul F. Diehl, ''Peace Operations'' (Polity Press, 2008), pp. 34–36.〕 The League appointed a commander, General John Brind, with operational control of the entire force. Troops patrolled, but did not police, the Saar. They were not respond except to emergencies and at the request of local authorities. There was little or no violence during the plebiscite and the peacekeeping effort was regarded as a success.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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